The recent announcement regarding Class L fires marks a significant milestone in global fire safety standards. With lithium-ion batteries now powering smartphones, laptops, electric vehicles (EVs), e-bikes, scooters, and energy storage systems, the risks associated with these fires have become impossible to ignore.
In January 2026, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) published the third edition of ISO 3941:2026, "Classification of Fires." This revision formally introduces Class L as a dedicated category for fires involving lithium-ion cells and batteries (specifically where no metallic lithium is present).
This update closes a critical gap: lithium-ion battery fires don't align neatly with traditional classes like Class A (ordinary combustibles), Class B (flammable liquids), Class C (gases), Class D (combustible metals), or Class F (cooking oils/fats).
These fires are driven by thermal runaway—a violent, self-sustaining reaction where a failing cell generates extreme heat, releases flammable and toxic gases (including hydrogen fluoride), and can propagate rapidly to neighboring cells, often leading to reignition long after the initial flames appear extinguished.
Why Class L Matters Now
The proliferation of lithium-ion technology has led to rising incidents involving consumer devices, personal mobility aids, EVs, and home/commercial storage systems. Conventional suppression methods—such as standard water-based or powder extinguishers—often fall short: water may conduct electricity or fail to halt internal reactions, while many agents don't adequately cool the battery to prevent propagation.
- The new Class L designation provides:
An internationally recognized framework for identifying and labeling these unique hazards.
Clearer guidance for risk assessments in workplaces, warehouses, charging stations, transport, and homes. - Enhanced support for emergency planning, firefighter training, and the development of tailored fire protection systems (including cooling strategies, ventilation, containment, and specialized suppression tools).
- Fire authorities worldwide are already educating the public on Class L risks, emphasizing prevention like using certified chargers, avoiding damaged batteries, monitoring for signs of distress (swelling, heat, hissing, odor), and safe storage practices.
Practical Solutions in the Era of Class L
While the ISO standard defines the fire class, it doesn't mandate a single universal suppression method or create an immediate global "Class L-rated extinguisher" certification. Effective response often involves cooling the battery with large water volumes (to interrupt thermal runaway), specialized agents, or controlled burn-out under safe conditions.
Innovative products are stepping up to meet this need.
For example, our Combat brand Fluorine Free - Lithium-Ion Battery Fire Extinguisher is a versatile, eco-friendly option specifically designed and tested for lithium-ion battery fires.
This 5-in-1 extinguisher handles Class A, B, F fires, lithium-ion incidents, and is safe for live electrical equipment up to 1000V. Its 100% biodegradable, fluorine-free agent removes heat effectively, helps prevent thermal runaway and re-ignition, and has been proven to extinguish up to 600Wh lithium-ion battery fires (tested under NTA 8133:2021).
With certifications including EN3, SS EN3, and TÜV SÜD PSB approvals, it's a practical tool for homes, businesses, EV charging areas, or facilities handling e-mobility devices—offering comprehensive protection without environmental harm.
Looking Ahead
The Class L introduction isn't mere paperwork—it's a proactive global acknowledgment that lithium-ion battery fires demand specialized awareness and tools in our increasingly electrified world. Industries, regulators, insurers, and responders now have standardized language to drive better mitigation strategies.
For individuals and organizations, the message is clear: prioritize prevention & protect from this new type of fire risk, stay informed, and equip with appropriate, tested solutions as the technology—and the standards—evolve.